A Review of methodology for dust and sandstorm source mapping and monitoring

Ochirkhuyag Lkhamjav*, Mandakh Nyamtseren

Abstract

Dust storms are among the globally observed natural hazards with significant environmental, health, social, and economic impacts. These storms not only degrade air quality but also carry fine particles and heavy metals that pose serious health risks. In Mongolia, a large portion of the land is arid and semi-arid, making dust storms a frequent seasonal phenomenon with considerable negative effects on the environment and society. Identifying the sources of dust storms is a critical step for effective monitoring and control measures at a local level. This review explores methodologies for mapping and monitoring dust and sandstorm (DSS) sources, crucial for addressing the environmental, health, and socioeconomic impacts of these events. DSSs are one of the catastrophic phenomena observed around the world, and the exact sources need to be identified. This article discusses the aspects and possibilities of using remote sensing, weather station or ground-based observations, and numerical modelling, highlighting their advantages and limitations. It is believed that the methodology developed by Ginoux et al (2012) in the research work can be used and monitored at the regional level. The advantages and limitations of each method are discussed, with particular focus on MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data, which allows for rapid data acquisition and temporal analysis crucial for tracking dust sources. This research aims to refine the methodology for accurately identifying dust sources across Mongolia, contributing to more effective monitoring and control systems. It highlights the importance of continuous study and intersectoral collaboration for advancing dust source identification and preventive measures in Mongolia’s unique environmental context. Moreover, we applied the methodology developed by Ginoux et al. (2012) on a regional scale to map dust sources across Mongolia from 2001 to 2020, leveraging the accuracy of this approach in pinpointing specific dust source regions. Finally, the conclusion stresses the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and continued research to advance DSS monitoring efforts effectively.

Keywords: Dust Storm, Sandstorm, Source Mapping, Monitoring

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